اشتراک هزینه در پیشگیری از اختلال در زنجیره تامین Cost Sharing in the Prevention of Supply Chain Disruption

1. Introduction Disruptions have severe consequences that result in immense costs in today’s globalized supply chains. The supply chain becomes increasingly vulnerable as it enjoys decreased costs from outsourcing and lean production. Intensified by globalization, disruption threats can arise from multiple sources. Natural hazards and man-made errors may all cause disruption. In 2000, a fire caused by lightning at Philip’s semiconductor plant induced an interruption of the supply of key components to Ericsson. This interruption eventually led to Ericsson’s exit from the mobile phone device market. The Japanese earthquake in March 2011 caused global supply disruptions in numerous industries.The total worldwide economic effect in the automotive industry of these disruptions is estimated to amount to US$139 billion [1, 2]. In [3], Hendricks and Singhal provide empirical evidence that supply chain disruptions significantly influence the financial performance of firms. On average, firms which experienced disruptions suffered 40% loss in stock return. Owing to the disastrous aftermaths of supply disruptions, firms eagerly seek mitigation methods to remit the impact of interruptions. Operational approaches such as multisourcing, backup sourcing, and insurance purchase are all efficient methods allowing companies to address disruption risks. Such approaches primarily emphasize the mitigation of disruption without considering the possibility of improving the reliability of the supply chain members. However, it is feasible for companies to prevent disruptions and to minimize their probability. Firms can invest in their own production processes to reduce the probability of supply disruption. In August 2016, a severe product safety crisis occurred when Samsung introduced their newest mobile phone model, Galaxy Note 7. Numerous users reported that their mobile phone devices caught fire and exploded while charging. The overheating of the device was revealed to be caused by its defective battery. Consequently, Samsung announced a mass defective production recall and provided new product replacements. However, the replacement devices still failed to remedy the battery defects. Samsung then recalled all the devices (replacements included) and ceased production of the Note 7 by November 2016. Instead of being a hit, Note 7, as the most appealing flagship product of Samsung’s mobile devices, came to its end. As the entire supply chain broke down, the revenue loss for Samsung from this crisis is estimated at US$17 billion of business income. Furthermore, the damage to the company’s brand is yet to be evaluated.