چالش ها و راه حل ها برای برنامه ها و فن آوری ها در اینترنت اشیا Challenges and Solutions for Applications and Technologies in the Internet of Things

1. Introduction The world has now entered into an extraordinary period in which company services or products and electrical devices (e.g., sensors) are connected devices. These devices communicate with each other without any interaction with a human. For example, smart sensors in traffic and road control structures assemble information about traffic status and roads, weather conditions, etc. In another word, the potential advantages of the IoT are virtually unlimited and today’s IoT-based applications are changing the way we live and work by saving time and organisational resources and bringing new opportunities for development, innovation, and knowledge formation [1-2]. Successful IoT applications allow private and public business organisations to control their assets, optimise business performance, and design new business models. As the IoT often involves instruments for the interconnecting of devices and for operating as a general enabler of a hyper-connected society, the IoT has enormous potential to facilitate an aging society, to optimise all types of transportation and mobility, and improve energy effectiveness. However, researchers are still facing many challenges in this area, such as (1) establishing safe and secure communication with different components at the network edge; (2) how to save energy using robust and reliable smart electronic sensors in infrastructure; (3) IoT technologies related to data secrecy and addressing confidentiality concerns; (4) identifying, assessing, and monitoring serious system components; and (5) ensuring an adequate level of secure exchange of information and trust between different vertical information technology infrastructures. Therefore, it is important to explore the topic in depth [3-4]. This paper aims and objectives are as follows: an in-depth literature review of electronics applications in the Internet of Things, factors affecting sensors and electronics applications in the Internet of Things, and challenges and solutions for emerging sensors and electronics applications in the Internet of Things.